Tea Horse Road
The first is the tea horse road, is China mainland tea and change the horses of the main road westbound.
The second is shankang Tea Horse Road (Wade Road), the main Shaanxi opened, in recent years, the academic community was known as the southwest silk road;
Third Yunnan Tibet tea horse road. (here is to show the Yunnan Tibet line)
The tea horse road is one of the main route of the ancient Silk road. The main means of transport are camels. The tea and horse, refers to the tea horse (the tea and horse are commodities).
Yunnan Tibet tea horse road was formed approximately in the late sixth Century, it is south of Yunnan tea producing Xishuangbanna Yiwu, Pu'er City, after today's Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and the city of Lijiang, Shangri-La to Tibet, to Lhasa. Some also from Tibet transit India, Nepal, South Asia and the ancient Chinese is an important international trade channel. Pu'er tea is the tea horse road on the unique advantages of the origin of the goods and transit hub, with a long history.
Chamagudao originated in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the "tea horse trade". Because the Tibet belongs to the alpine region, in the altitude of three or four km above, Zanba, milk, butter, beef and mutton is the staple food of the tibetans. In the alpine region, to eat high calorie fat, but no vegetables, barley and hot, too much fat is not easy to be broken down in the body, while the tea can dissolve fat, and prevent dry, so the Tibetans in the long life, creating a drink butter tea plateau living habits, but not in Tibet the production of tea. In China, private army slaving and requires a lot of horses, but in short supply, Tibet and Sichuan, Yunnan border is a production. Thus, complementary tea and horse trading is "tea horse" came into being. So, from Tibet and Sichuan and Yunnan border produced horses and fur, herbs and Sichuan Yunnan and the mainland tea, salt and cloth, household utensils and so on, always on the move in the high mountains and deep valleys in the Hengduan Mountains, flowing, and with the development of social economy and prosperity, forming a continuation of the "tea horse road".
The history of the tea horse road is not just one, but a large transportation network. It is based on the Sichuan Tibet Road, Yunnan Tibet Road and Qinghai Tibet Road (Gan Qingdao) three Avenue as the main line, the road system, with a large number of extension of lines. Across Sichuan, Yunnan, Qinghai and Tibet, it extends outward to South Asia, West Asia, Central Asia and Southeast Asia, which is far from Europe. Three Avenue, Sichuan Tibet Road opened to the first, the largest amount of transportation, historical effect. This paper only discusses Tibet tea horse road, it is non paper and.
Tea horse road in Yunnan and Tibet route: Xishuangbanna - Dali - Lijiang - Shangri-La - er - Deqin - - - Linzhi - Lhasa Zayu banda. Arrive in Lhasa tea, also by the Himalaya pass to India Calcutta, a large number of marketing in Europe and Asia, makes it become an international big channel. This international big channel, the Chinese nation are of vital importance in the Anti Japanese War, played an important role.
According to historical records, the earliest Chinese tea to spread overseas, can be traced back to the northern and Southern Dynasties period. At that time Chinese businessmen in the neighbouring Mongolia border, through the way to barter tea, Turkey tea export. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with the development of border trade market, coupled with the opening of the Silk Road, China tea in the tea horse trade way, the western regions and Huihe etc. to West Asia, North Asia and Arabia and other countries transfer, midway removed to Siberia, finally arrived in Russia and European countries.
From the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the rulers were actively taking control of the tea horse trade means. The first year of Tang suzong Shitoku (AD 756 years) to the first year Qianyuan, Ma Tea City flooding in Mongolia Uighur region, creating a precedent for the tea horse trade. The Northern Song Dynasty, the tea horse trade mainly in the area, easy to take place in the tea horse Sichuan, and in Chengdu, Qinzhou (now Gansu Tianshui) the monopolizing tea and buy more. When the Yuan Dynasty, the government abolished the implementation of the Song Dynasty tea horse policies. To the Ming Dynasty, and the restoration of the tea horse policy, but the policy become aggravated, as an important means to rule the people of all ethnic groups in Northwest china. Ming Hongwu years, waiting for a horse for up to 120 pounds of tea. The Ming Dynasty, is set for a horse for the tea thirty grate, medium twenty, fifteen. Ming Dynasty writer Tang Xianzu wrote in the "tea horse" in the poem: "what a beautiful black tea, a special Ma qiang." "Qiang Ma and yellow tea, Hu Ma for kim." Which shows the prosperity of tea horse market at that time. To the Qing Dynasty, the tea horse governance policy has been relaxed, more private tea merchants in the tea horse trade is much less than the cost of tea and horse. Yong...